Class Talk Fall 2016

By: Jessica Ostrowski, Anna Bates, Megan Mixer, Mike Haslam, Hannah Kaya

WHO- men and women, beyond the age of 60, higher risk in non-Caucasian, African American males

WHAT- cancer of the pancreas, cells develop mutations in their DNA replacing normal cells and grow uncontrollably or the cancer can also develop from metastasis of other cancers.

WHEN- rare-s/s pain, jaundice, weight loss, symptoms don’t usually appear until disease is far advanced.

WHERE- may develop in the head, body or tail of the pancreas; can spread to the stomach, duodenum, gallbladder, liver or intestine by direct invasion or lymphatic pathways.

WHY- risk factors include cigarette smoking, diabetes, chronic pancreatitis and hereditary pancreatitis

Whipple procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy) is used for potentially resectable cancer of the pancreas. The cancer must be caught early enough in order for this procedure. The carcinoma head of the pancreas is re-sectioned, and the common duct is sutured to the side of the jejunum and the remaining portion of the pancreas and the end of the stomach are sutured to the side of the jejunum (Hinkle & Cheever, 2013, P. 1412).

Reference

Hinkle, J.L. & Cheever, K. H. (2013). Brunner & Suddarth’s Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (13th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins.

 

 

Who- Seen mainly in the adult population. It is more prevalent in countries with overcrowding and poor sanitation. Children or young adults acquire the infection at school through poor hygiene, hand-to-hand contact, or other close contact

What- Caused by RNA virus of enterovirus family

When- Incubation period is estimated 2-6 weeks  with a mean of approximately 4 weeks. It may be prolonged, lasting 4-8 weeks

Where- Liver and spleen

Why- Fecal-oral route transmission; poor sanitation; person-to-person contact; waterborne; foodborne; Transmission is also possible with oral-anal contact during sex

By: Genesys Paraja, Elizabeth Mostert, Khaya McKeever, Amani Baidwan

 

Who- Seen mainly in the adult population. It is more prevalent in countries with overcrowding and poor sanitation. Children or young adults acquire the infection at school through poor hygiene, hand-to-hand contact, or other close contact

What- Caused by RNA virus of enterovirus family

When- Incubation period is estimated 2-6 weeks  with a mean of approximately 4 weeks. It may be prolonged, lasting 4-8 weeks

Where- Liver and spleen

Why- Fecal-oral route transmission; poor sanitation; person-to-person contact; waterborne; foodborne; Transmission is also possible with oral-anal contact during sex

By: Genesys Paraja, Elizabeth Mostert, Khaya McKeever, Amani Baidwan

 

Who- Seen mainly in the adult population. It is more prevalent in countries with overcrowding and poor sanitation. Children or young adults acquire the infection at school through poor hygiene, hand-to-hand contact, or other close contact

What- Caused by RNA virus of enterovirus family

When- Incubation period is estimated 2-6 weeks  with a mean of approximately 4 weeks. It may be prolonged, lasting 4-8 weeks

Where- Liver and spleen

Why- Fecal-oral route transmission; poor sanitation; person-to-person contact; waterborne; foodborne; Transmission is also possible with oral-anal contact during sex

By: Genesys Paraja, Elizabeth Mostert, Khaya McKeever, Amani Baidwan

 

Who- Seen mainly in the adult population. It is more prevalent in countries with overcrowding and poor sanitation. Children or young adults acquire the infection at school through poor hygiene, hand-to-hand contact, or other close contact

What- Caused by RNA virus of enterovirus family

When- Incubation period is estimated 2-6 weeks  with a mean of approximately 4 weeks. It may be prolonged, lasting 4-8 weeks

Where- Liver and spleen

Why- Fecal-oral route transmission; poor sanitation; person-to-person contact; waterborne; foodborne; Transmission is also possible with oral-anal contact during sex

 

 

 

Hepatitis C

1. Who? – Adults ages from 40-59, highest among African-Americans.
2. What? – Hepatitis C is a systemic viral infection in which necrosis and inflammation of liver cells produce a characteristic cluster or clinical biochemical and cellular changes. It can result in an increased risk of chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis and liver cancer. It’s the #1 cause of liver transplantation. Incubation period ranges from 15 days- 160 days. Treated with a combination of 2 anti-virals: Peginterferon and Ribavirin.
3. When? – Flu like symptoms such as: nausea, malaise, jaundice, loss of appetite, dyspepsia, tender and enlarged liver, enlarged spleen, light colored stool, and dark urine.
4. Where? – Hepatitis C occurs in the liver and it also affects the spleen.
5. Why? – Blood product recipients, organ transplant or clotting factor before 1992, needle stick injuries in health care workers, illicit injection drug use, children born to women who are infected, multiple contacts with a person with Hep C, and unsafe sex practice with multiple partners.

Jamaica Amurao, Yesenia Nunez, Christina Caranica, Kara Mead, Jane Han

by Jane Shon, JB Dones, Kenny Dadacay, Edwin Rios, and Casey Salinas

What (Pathophysiology): Self digestion of the pancreas from proteolytic enzymes such as trypsin and inflammatory proteins.

Who (Population): Affects all people but more often people with cholelithiasis, alcohol abuse, and cystic fibrosis. Mortality increases with advanced age. 

Where (Systems Affected): The pancreas is destroyed, including the islet cells that make insulin, leading to diabetes mellitus.

When (Presentation): Signs and symptoms include elevated amylase and lipase laboratory findings, knife-like epigastric pain that radiates to the back, pain in the right upper quadrant, pain that is more severe after meals, abdominal distension, nausea, vomiting, fever, respiratory distress, hypoxia, and confusion.

Why (Risk Factors): Alcohol increases the secretion of insoluble pancreatic proteins which lead to obstruction of the pancreatic ducts. Genetic mutations in the genes that regulate pancreatic enzyme secretion, also contribute to the disease.

 

References

Hinkle, J.L. & Cheever, K. H. (2013). Brunner & Suddarth’s Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (13th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins.

Group: Duan Nguyen, Jose Perez, Hanna Persin, Kenyn Castaneda, Audrey Guila

Who? People who have liver dysfunction, more commonly people who have hepatic cirrhosis.

What? It is the increase in pressure throughout the portal venous system.

When? It happens when obstruction of blood flow into and through the damaged liver. Common signs and symptoms are ascites which can cause fluid imbalances, distended veins, shortness of breath, umbilical hernias. Also it can lead to esophageal varices, which can cause GI hemorrhage if they ruptured, and also encephalopathy. Portal hypertension should be suspected if dilated abdominal veins hemorrhoids are detected.

Where? The organs affected are the Liver, blood vessels, and kidneys.

Why? It occurs due to obstruction of blood flow into and through the damaged liver. Risk factors include alcohol use and malnutrition, gallstones blood clots blocking the blood flow.